Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Neurology
• Pain Management

Background:

• Clinical practice guidelines recommend 16 non-pharmacological pain interventions for chronic pain.
• These interventions are suitable for community-dwelling persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers.
• Understanding PLWD and caregiver perceptions is crucial for effective pain management and intervention engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the perspectives of community-dwelling PLWD and their caregivers on non-pharmacological pain management interventions.
• To identify factors influencing the engagement and outcomes of these interventions.

Main Methods:

• A qualitative descriptive approach using semi-structured interviews.
• Participants included PLWD (≥60 years, MoCA ≤16, chronic pain) and their caregivers (≥1 year care).
• Perceptions were coded as positive (+1), neutral/unsure (0), or negative (-1) and visualized in a heatmap.

Main Results:

• Thermal modalities (+7) and self-management (+5) received the most positive perceptions.
• Acupuncture (-6), electrical stimulation (-2), and weight loss management (-2) were viewed most negatively.
• Aerobic exercise, massage, modified shoes, and assistive devices were areas of uncertainty for many.

Conclusions:

• Perceptions of non-pharmacological pain management interventions differ significantly between PLWD and caregivers.
• Favorable interventions include thermal modalities and self-management; others require addressing misconceptions.
• Patient education and tailored intervention strategies are essential for optimizing pain management in PLWD.