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Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Paraaortic Lymphadenectomy in Ten Steps
Martina Aida Angeles1, Ana Luzarraga-Aznar2, Vicente Bebia2
1Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (all authors)..
Objective:
In this surgical film we aimed to standardize transperitoneal laparoscopic paraaortic lymphadenectomy by dividing it into ten steps.
Setting:
Laparoscopic transperitoneal aortic lymphadenectomy is a surgical procedure used to assess aortic lymph node status in multiple gynecological malignancies. Its indications have been limited, and its use has decreased worldwide because of its non-therapeutic value and associated morbidity [1,2]. However, it remains a key procedure for selected indications in gynecologic oncology, such as the comprehensive surgical staging in early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer or debulking of radiologically enlarged lymph nodes [3].
Participants:
In this surgical film, we present the case of a 68-year-old patient diagnosed with early-stage right ovarian cancer (Supplemental Video).
Interventions:
The patient underwent a complete peritoneal and lymph node staging including paraaortic lymph node dissection. The postoperative course of our patient was uneventful, and she did not experience early or late morbidity. She underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and is currently free of disease.
Conclusion:
The principle of performing the dissection in a clockwise manner was to identify all the anatomic landmarks and ensure the removal of all the lymphatic areas. Nevertheless, there is no established order for removing the lymph nodes, and this procedure can be done according to the surgeon's preferences. Recently, an European Society for Gynecological Endoscopy/European Society of Gynaecological Oncology/the Society of European Robotic Society of European Robotic Gynaecological Surgery consensus statement was published to describe the different surgical steps in minimally invasive surgery for transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approaches for paraaortic lymphadenectomy [4]. Although the extraperitoneal approach is a valid alternative, it is not feasible when the peritoneum is opened during surgery, as is the case when performing an adnexectomy with a frozen section exam, which may require further surgical staging if malignancy is revealed. Therefore, mastering this surgery remains a crucial skill to offer our patients the best clinical management. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
