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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
Published on: December 20, 2016
Single Halide Electrolytes for High-Performance Mn Metal Batteries
Jian Zhang1, Fang Chen2, Zhiyi Liu1
1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology, Materials Tech Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy Storage, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo, 315201, P.R. China.
Abstract:
Rechargeable manganese (Mn) batteries have risen as a highly promising battery technology for sustainable energy storage due to rich abundance, high capacity and low working potential of Mn metal. The key challenge lies at developing advanced Mn-based electrolyte ensuring reversible Mn plating/stripping. Herein, we report new Mn electrolytes based on low-cost single halide (MnBr2 or MnCl2), relative to the benchmark hybrid system (MnCl2-AlCl3-Mn(TFSI)2; TFSI = bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide), for high-performance Mn metal batteries (MMBs). In the optimized solvent system, for instance, MnBr2 dissociates as various solvated [MnBrx]2- x (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) ions with assistance of triethyl phosphate. No passivation layer is formed on Mn anode owing to non-reducibility of Br-. The MnBr2 electrolyte displays superior Mn plating/stripping stability (>1300 h) with near integer Coulombic efficiency under practical areal capacities of 1-50 mAh cm-2. The overpotential is suppressed as low as <200 mV at 0.5 mA cm-2. When paring the Mn metal anode with different cathodes like organic Mn2+ hosts, activated carbon and even a Br-/Br0 conversion cathode, high-performance MMBs have been demonstrated with long cycling life (>2000 cycles) and high voltage (1.6 V). Our work represents a brand-new electrolyte design concept for advanced MMBs and can be readily expanded to other multivalent metal batteries.
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