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Single Halide Electrolytes for High-Performance Mn Metal Batteries.

Jian Zhang1, Fang Chen2, Zhiyi Liu1

  • 1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology, Materials Tech Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy Storage, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo, 315201, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New manganese (Mn) electrolytes using single halides like MnBr2 enable stable and efficient rechargeable manganese metal batteries (MMBs). These advanced electrolytes facilitate reversible Mn plating/stripping for sustainable energy storage.

Keywords:
Hailde electrolyteMn metal batteriesMn plating/strippingSolvation structure

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Rechargeable manganese (Mn) batteries are promising for sustainable energy storage due to Mn's abundance and properties.
  • Developing stable Mn-based electrolytes for reversible Mn plating/stripping is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel, low-cost Mn electrolytes for high-performance Mn metal batteries (MMBs).
  • To investigate single halide (MnBr2 or MnCl2) based electrolytes as alternatives to hybrid systems.
  • To demonstrate improved Mn plating/stripping stability and battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized and optimized Mn electrolytes using single halides (MnBr2, MnCl2) and triethyl phosphate solvent.
  • Investigated Mn plating/stripping behavior on Mn anodes.
  • Tested MMB performance with various cathodes (organic hosts, activated carbon, Br-/Br0).

Main Results:

  • Optimized MnBr2 electrolyte demonstrated over 1300 hours of stable Mn plating/stripping with high Coulombic efficiency (>1-50 mAh cm-2).
  • Low overpotential (<200 mV at 0.5 mA cm-2) and suppressed passivation layer formation on the Mn anode.
  • MMBs achieved long cycling life (>2000 cycles) and high voltage (1.6 V) with different cathodes.

Conclusions:

  • Single halide-based electrolytes offer a new design concept for advanced MMBs.
  • The developed electrolytes provide superior stability and performance for rechargeable Mn metal batteries.
  • This approach is potentially applicable to other multivalent metal batteries.