Unraveling Lysosomal Exocytosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Physiological Functions

Lysosomal exocytosis is a fundamental cellular process that involves the fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane and the release of lysosomal contents into the extracellular space. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms, physiological functions, and disease implications of lysosomal exocytosis, highlighting recent advances and novel aspects. We discuss the intricate molecular machinery that orchestrates lysosomal trafficking, docking, and fusion, as well as the critical roles of lysosomal exocytosis in maintaining cellular homeostasis, facilitating intercellular communication, and contributing to specialized cellular functions. Additionally, the review explores the complex involvement of lysosomal exocytosis in various disease states, including lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and immune system disorders, underlining its potential as a therapeutic target. By identifying current knowledge gaps and providing future research directions, this review aims to stimulate further investigation into the multifaceted nature of lysosomal exocytosis and its implications for human health and disease.