Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 4, 2026

Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System for Building Synthetic Cells
Published on: April 19, 2024
Chloroplastic protein prenylation: an internal or external affair? Reconciling biochemical data through a new
1College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Abstract:
Protein prenylation facilitates membrane association, protein interactions, and trafficking by attaching isoprenoid groups to C-terminal cysteine residues in the cytosol, with subsequent proteolysis and carboxymethylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast this classic pathway, an organelle-autonomous prenylation pathway in plastids has long been hypothesized, however, its biochemical mechanisms remain unconfirmed. This review synthesizes multi-omics and genetic evidence to propose that plastid prenylation likely involves nuclear-encoded proteins modified in the cytosol, with final processing at the chloroplast envelope rather than the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the processing of prenylated chloroplast protein precursors may be integrated into the protein targeting machinery. By challenging the notion of fully chloroplast-independent prenylation, this hypothesis and theory article offers new insights into organellar protein modification in eukaryotes.
More Related Videos
14:44A Protocol for the Identification of Protein-protein Interactions Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling, Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Affinity Modulation
Published on: September 24, 2012
00:08In Situ Monitoring of Transiently Formed Molecular Chaperone Assemblies in Bacteria, Yeast, and Human Cells
Published on: September 2, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane
Two models describe the mechanism of precursor recognition and entry across the outer membrane through the TOC complex. Model 1 suggests the newly synthesized precursor binds to the TOC receptor 159 and forms a complex.
Protein Transport to the Stroma
Protein complexes called the translocon of the outer chloroplast membrane or TOC complex, and the translocon of the inner chloroplast membrane or TIC complex mediate the...
Proteins: From Genes to Degradation
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...
Protein Folding
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
Proteins perform a wide range of biological functions such as catalyzing chemical reactions, providing...
Protein Folding
Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane