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The future is now: How AI is reshaping spine care
Eric J Muelbauer1, Mohammed Ali Alvi2,3, David J Kennedy4
1Executive Office, North American Spine Society, 1000 N. Northwest Highway, Suite 150, Park Ridge, IL 60068, United States.
North American Spine Society Journal
|December 29, 2025
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming spine care from experimental to operational. AI enhances diagnostics, surgical planning, and digital therapeutics, promising greater precision and efficiency but requiring validation and oversight.
Area of Science:
- Spine Care
- Medical Technology
- Artificial Intelligence
Background:
- Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into clinical workflows.
- AI is reshaping various aspects of spinal care.
- The review focuses on the transition from experimental AI to operational tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the evolving role of AI in the spine care continuum.
- To review AI applications in diagnostics, surgical planning, intraoperative navigation, predictive analytics, and digital therapeutics.
- To synthesize insights on AI's impact and future directions in spine care.
Main Methods:
- A mixed-methods approach was employed.
- Synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, regulatory documents, press releases, and grey sources.
- Data collection spanned from 2017 to 2025.
Main Results:
- AI-enabled imaging improves diagnostic consistency and reduces variability.
- AI supports personalized surgical planning and enhances intraoperative precision.
- Predictive models and digital therapeutics are emerging, expanding care reach.
- Evolving regulatory frameworks address data governance and ethical considerations.
Conclusions:
- AI in spine care is operational, offering enhanced precision, efficiency, and personalization.
- Rigorous validation and ethical oversight are crucial for AI integration.
- Alignment between clinicians, developers, and regulators is essential for responsible innovation.
