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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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Ion-Defective High-Entropy NASICON Cathode Enabled by Multicomponent Substitution for Long-Life and Wide-Temperature

Jinlong Ling¹, Xuanlong He¹, Yuyao Wu¹

¹School of Materials and New Energy, South China Normal University, Shanwei 516600, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|December 29, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel high-entropy cathode material (HE-CMACC) with ion defects enhances sodium-ion battery performance. This material shows excellent cycling stability and fast-rate capability, even at extreme temperatures.

Keywords:

NASICON-type Na vacancy high-entropy cathode sodium-ion batteries wide-temperature range

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage.
Developing stable and high-performance cathode materials is crucial for SIB advancement.
NASICON-type materials offer potential due to their structural flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer a high-entropy NASICON cathode with ion defects for improved SIB performance.
To investigate the effects of high-entropy doping and Na vacancies on electrochemical properties.
To evaluate the cycling stability, rate capability, and performance under extreme temperatures.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of ion-defective high-entropy NASICON Na3.15V1.525(CrMgAlCuCo)0.095(PO4)3 (HE-CMACC) cathode.
Electrochemical testing including long-term cycling, rate capability, and performance at extreme temperatures (-20 °C and 60 °C).
In-situ relaxation time distribution (DRT) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis to elucidate ion diffusion and storage mechanisms.

Main Results:

HE-CMACC cathode exhibits excellent long-term cycling durability, retaining 93.36% capacity after 5000 cycles at 20 C.
Demonstrates high-rate performance (78 mAh g⁻¹ at 40 C) and outstanding stability at extreme temperatures (85.76% at -20 °C, 87.01% at 60 °C).
In-situ analyses confirm enhanced conductivity and ion diffusion due to high-entropy effects and Na vacancies, with a fast sodium storage mechanism dominated by solid solution reaction.

Conclusions:

The combination of high-entropy effects and defect engineering in NASICON cathodes is a viable strategy for advanced SIBs.
HE-CMACC shows significant potential as a cathode material for high-performance and durable sodium-ion batteries.
The study provides insights into designing next-generation cathode materials for energy storage applications.