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Digital Health Technologies Applied in Patients With Early Cognitive Change: Scoping Review.

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Digital health technologies (DHTs) show promise for early cognitive change management. Further research is needed to address long-term efficacy, user-friendliness, and ethical concerns for widespread adoption.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Digital Health
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Digital health technologies (DHTs) offer transformative potential for early cognitive change.
  • Their applications in screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and intervention require systematic delineation.
  • Evidence base for DHTs in this specific patient population is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize the applications of DHTs in patients with early cognitive change.
  • To identify the roles DHTs play in managing cognitive decline.
  • To explore the challenges associated with DHT implementation.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR and PRISMA-S guidelines.
  • Systematic searches were performed across five major electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane Library) until September 30, 2025.
  • Data extraction utilized the population-concept-context framework for digital health interventions in early cognitive change.

Main Results:

  • 193 studies evaluated DHTs for early cognitive change, with a surge in publications post-2020.
  • Studies primarily focused on mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline in older adults (mean age ~74 years).
  • Six DHT categories emerged: AI/big data, IoT, VR/AR, robotics, mobile apps/computerized cognitive training, and telemedicine, with cognitive function and mental health as primary outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • DHTs show significant potential for screening, intervention, and monitoring in early cognitive impairment.
  • Personalized interventions and caregiver perspectives are key, but challenges remain in balancing technology with user-friendliness.
  • Future research must address long-term efficacy, diverse populations, combined DHT applications, individual differences, and data/ethical risks.