Hydrogen Sulfide in Adipose Tissue Biology

Over the past several decades, sulfide has emerged as an important signaling molecule, playing diverse physiological and pathological roles across a broad spectrum of human health conditions. Among its recently recognized systemic effects, sulfide has been identified as a key regulator of adipose tissue (AT) homeostasis; its critical involvement in numerous adipose tissue functions, including adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipid and glucose metabolism, has been reported. Growing evidence indicates that dysregulation of H₂S signaling within the adipose tissue contributes to the development and progression of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The pharmacological modulation of endogenous sulfide levels is being actively explored as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving metabolic health. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and critical review of the current literature on the role of sulfide in adipose tissue biology and physiology. Particular emphasis is placed on the broader implications of sulfide signaling in the prevention and treatment of obesity.