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Nanoparticle-Based Assays for Antioxidant Capacity Determination.

Jolanta Flieger1, Natalia Żuk1, Ewelina Grabias-Blicharz1

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticle sensors offer a novel and efficient method for assessing antioxidant capacity (AOxC), providing a faster, simpler, and more cost-effective alternative to traditional techniques. These advanced tools enable precise analysis across diverse samples, enhancing antioxidant status evaluation.

Keywords:
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR)antioxidant activity/capacitycerium oxide nanoparticlesgold nanoparticlesmetal nanoparticlesmetal oxide nanoparticlesnanostructured sensorsnanozymessensorssilver nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The body's antioxidant defense system maintains redox homeostasis, crucial for health and protection against oxidative stress.
  • Antioxidants are vital in the food industry for preventing oxidation during processing and storage.
  • Classical methods for assessing antioxidant capacity (AOxC) exist but lack standardization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the application of nanoparticle sensors for evaluating antioxidant status.
  • To highlight the advantages of nanoparticle-based methods over traditional antioxidant capacity assays.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on nanoparticle sensors, including silver (AgNPs), gold (AuNPs), cerium oxide (CeONPs), metal oxide nanoparticles, nanozymes, and quantum dots (QDs).
  • Discussion of sensing mechanisms, such as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for metallic nanoparticles and fluorescence changes for QDs.
  • Analysis of nanoparticle sensor performance in various sample types: environmental, plant extracts, foodstuffs, dietary supplements, and clinical samples.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticle sensors, including nanozymes and QDs, offer a new approach to assessing antioxidant status.
  • Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) utilize optical changes via LSPR, while QDs leverage fluorescence changes for detection.
  • Nanoparticle sensors demonstrate potential for sensitive detection with good limits of detection (LOD).

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle-based antioxidant capacity assessment is a viable alternative to classical methods due to its simplicity, speed, and cost-effectiveness.
  • These sensors can be tailored for specific analytes and applications, offering flexibility in antioxidant status evaluation.
  • Nanoparticle sensors provide a promising platform for analyzing antioxidant properties in diverse matrices.