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Compartment Syndrome of the Pediatric Upper Extremity: Current Concepts
Thomas G Pallan1, Jackson T Elkins1, Alexandra M Dunham1
1Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 30, 2025
Summary
Pediatric compartment syndrome of the upper extremity, a rare surgical emergency, requires prompt care to prevent lasting harm. Fortunately, most children achieve full functional recovery despite diagnostic delays.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Surgery
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Trauma Management
Background:
- Pediatric compartment syndrome of the upper extremity is a rare surgical emergency.
- Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent permanent damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize current evidence on pediatric upper extremity compartment syndrome.
- To review epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current evidence.
- Synthesis of data on diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
Main Results:
- Functional outcomes in children are generally favorable (>80% full recovery).
- Diagnostic delays and variable treatment timing, including delayed fasciotomy, are noted.
- Significant gaps exist in evidence-based guidelines.
Conclusions:
- Despite challenges, pediatric upper extremity compartment syndrome often has favorable functional outcomes.
- Further research is needed on risk factors, diagnostic thresholds, and optimal wound closure techniques.
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