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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Lysosomes01:31

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Correction: Coulter et al. OrgTRx: A Platform Developed in Queensland for the Extraction and Visualisation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Data for the Surveillance of Resistance in Microorganisms. <i>Antibiotics</i> 2026, <i>15</i>, 63.

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A New Screening Method for the Directed Evolution of Thermostable Bacteriolytic Enzymes
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Recent Advances in Endolysin Engineering.

Mackenzie Aitken1,2, Gayan Abeysekera1,2, Craig Billington2

  • 1Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat. Bacteriophage endolysins, engineered for enhanced effectiveness, offer a promising new strategy against multidrug-resistant organisms.

Keywords:
antibioticantimicrobial resistanceendolysinmulti-drug-resistant organismprotein engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health, driven by overuse of conventional antibiotics.
  • Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) necessitate novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, offer a source of antimicrobial agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in engineering bacteriophage endolysins as antimicrobials.
  • To discuss novel protein engineering methods for enhancing endolysin efficacy.
  • To explore future directions in endolysin-based antimicrobial development.

Main Methods:

  • Protein engineering techniques such as membrane-permeabilizing peptide attachment, domain-swapping, and catalytic-site modification.
  • In silico design pipelines for rational endolysin engineering.
  • Library-based screening methods for identifying enhanced endolysin variants.

Main Results:

  • Engineered endolysins demonstrate improved antimicrobial activity against MDROs.
  • Novel protein engineering approaches have significantly enhanced endolysin potency and spectrum of activity.
  • Advanced computational and screening tools accelerate the development of effective endolysin-based therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Endolysin engineering represents a rapidly advancing field with substantial potential to combat antimicrobial resistance.
  • Further research into endolysin engineering holds promise for developing next-generation antimicrobials.
  • Targeted engineering of bacteriophage endolysins offers a viable alternative to traditional antibiotics.