The Association Between Vitamin D Levels and Erectile Dysfunction in Men: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Urology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Erectile dysfunction (ED) is prevalent in men, often linked to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors.
• Vitamin D (VD) status may impact endothelial function and erectile function.
• VD deficiency is associated with cardiovascular risks contributing to ED.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the relationship between vitamin D levels and erectile dysfunction in men.
• To assess the evidence from randomized controlled trials and observational studies.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Searched PubMed and Cochrane databases (2010-2025).
• Included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and pilot trials on VD and ED in men.

Main Results:

• 10 studies (over 13,000 men) met inclusion criteria.
• Observational studies show lower VD levels in men with moderate-to-severe or arteriogenic ED.
• VD deficiency independently associated with higher ED prevalence; RCTs show inconsistent supplementation effects.

Conclusions:

• An association exists between vitamin D status and ED, particularly in severe or arteriogenic cases.
• Evidence primarily from low-certainty observational studies.
• Well-designed RCTs are crucial to confirm causality and therapeutic potential.