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High CD36 Expression Predicts Aggressive Invasion and Recurrence in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Kotaro Sakurai1, Kei Tomihara2, Manabu Yamazaki3

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

CD36 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) correlates with advanced tumor stage and recurrence. Elevated CD36 is an independent risk factor for relapse, suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker for OSCC malignancy.

Keywords:
CD36oral squamous cell carcinomarecurrence

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • CD36, a fatty acid scavenger receptor, is linked to poor prognosis in various cancers.
  • Previous studies implicated CD36 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell proliferation and migration.
  • The clinical significance of CD36 in OSCC patient outcomes remained undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between CD36 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in OSCC patients.
  • To determine if CD36 expression serves as a predictive biomarker for OSCC malignancy and recurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify CD36 expression via H-score in 55 OSCC patients.
  • Statistical analyses, including univariate and multivariate analyses, were performed.
  • The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was analyzed for pathway associations.

Main Results:

  • CD36 expression significantly correlated with tumor stage, invasion mode, differentiation, and recurrence in OSCC.
  • Elevated CD36 levels were associated with a higher rate of relapse.
  • CD36 expression was identified as an independent risk factor for relapse in OSCC patients.
  • TCGA data suggested CD36 expression may co-occur with activated β-oxidation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways.

Conclusions:

  • CD36 expression is significantly associated with adverse clinicopathological features in OSCC.
  • Elevated CD36 expression is a predictive biomarker for increased risk of relapse in OSCC.
  • CD36 may play a role in OSCC progression through pathways like β-oxidation and EMT, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.