Nesting strategy reflects individual worker movement in termites

Termite nests widely vary in size and complexity across species. While nest structure reflects the social organisation of termite colonies, its impact on individual-level behaviour is unknown. Here, we show that termite worker movements are strongly correlated with their nesting strategies. We compared one-piece nesters, whose colony life cycle is completed within a single piece of wood serving as nest and food, to foragers, which make colonies exploiting resources spanning several wood items. Our observations of worker movements revealed that one-piece nesters moved significantly less than foragers. The distributions of movement duration were also different, with foragers showing a tendency to sustain locomotion once initiated, while the locomotion of one-piece nesters stopped within a short period. On the contrary, the distributions of pausing duration were broadly consistent across species, with a notable exception in C. formosanus. Spatial analyses further showed that foragers exhibited stronger wall-following behavior and traversed the arena center more straightly than one-piece nesters. Thus, nesting strategies are reflected not only in movement activities but also in the spatial exploration of novel environments. These findings provide a new framework for understanding how nesting strategies drive the evolution of movement patterns across social species.