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Assessment of the Readability of Google Gemini-Generated Versus UpToDate Clinical Contents for Ventricular

Akash Ranganatha1, Veena Ramanathan2, Nikhil Vamsi Chitte3

  • 1Internal Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra (JJM) Medical College, Davanagere, IND.

Cureus
|December 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Google Gemini content on ventricular tachycardia (VT) shows simpler sentences but more complex words than UpToDate. Expert review is crucial for AI-generated medical information.

Area of Science:

  • Medical informatics
  • Artificial intelligence in healthcare
  • Clinical communication

Background:

  • Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a critical cardiac arrhythmia demanding expert clinical management.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) tools like Google Gemini are emerging for medical content generation.
  • UpToDate is a widely recognized expert-authored clinical decision support resource.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively compare the readability of AI-generated (Google Gemini) and expert-authored (UpToDate) medical content on VT.
  • To utilize standardized readability indices for quantitative analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study analyzed 12 VT management texts (6 Google Gemini, 6 UpToDate).
  • Readability assessed using Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), SMOG Index, and Difficult Word Percentage.
  • Mann-Whitney U test used for non-normally distributed data; clinical accuracy was not evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Google Gemini had a lower median FKGL (13.5) than UpToDate (16.5), indicating simpler sentence structure (p=0.017).
  • Google Gemini content had a higher Difficult Word Percentage (32.0%) than UpToDate (28.6%), suggesting greater lexical density (p=0.026).
  • No significant differences found in FRE or SMOG Index (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Google Gemini content exhibits syntactic simplicity alongside concentrated technical vocabulary.
  • AI-generated medical content presents distinct linguistic patterns compared to expert sources.
  • Expert oversight is essential for AI-generated medical content in education and communication to ensure clarity and accuracy.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencecross-sectional studyevidence-based medicinegoogle geminireadabilityuptodateventricular tachycardia

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