Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

8.4K

Parenting Practices and Child Development in Children Aged 0 to 4 Years: An Analysis of Autonomy, Limit Setting,

Penélope Lodeyro1,2, Nora Cristina Bezzone1, Ailín Martina Fernandez3

  • 1Faculty of Education and Health, Provincial University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry
|December 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Inflexible parenting, lacking balance in firmness and responsiveness, hinders early childhood development. Interventions should focus on autonomy and decision-making skills to improve developmental outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Parenting Practices
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Parenting practices significantly influence child development, particularly in early years.
  • Socioeconomically vulnerable populations may face unique challenges in implementing optimal parenting strategies.
  • Understanding the link between specific parenting dimensions and developmental outcomes is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze parenting practices (autonomy, limit setting, negotiation, decision-making) in vulnerable communities.
  • To examine the association between these parenting practices and child development in children aged 0-4 years.
  • To identify parenting styles that may pose risks to early childhood development.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 528 children and families in peri-urban neighborhoods.
  • Assessment of parenting practices focusing on limit setting, autonomy, negotiation, and decision-making.
  • Child development evaluation using the National Developmental Screening Test; statistical analysis with chi-square and odds ratios.

Main Results:

  • Over 56% of caregivers exhibited difficulties in key parenting practices.
  • Children older than 2 years faced increased developmental risk (OR=3.63).
  • Children failing developmental screening were highly likely to be exposed to problematic parenting practices (OR=22.22).

Conclusions:

  • Inflexible parenting styles negatively impact early childhood development, especially autonomy and decision-making.
  • A balance of firmness and responsiveness in parenting is essential for optimal developmental trajectories.
  • Early intervention strategies targeting parenting dimensions are recommended to promote child development.

Keywords:
child developmentchild rearingparenting practicessocial determinants of health

More Related Videos

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs08:59

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs

Published on: October 13, 2017

18.1K
Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges08:22

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges

Published on: February 25, 2016

15.8K

Related Concept Videos

Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
553
Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
395
Relationship with Parents: Attachment01:28

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...
198
Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
1.5K
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood01:28

Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood

Erik Erikson, a stage theorist, adapted Freud's theory to emphasize social factors in personality development throughout life, a concept known as psychosocial development. Unlike Freud, who focused on early childhood, Erikson believed that personality evolves across eight life stages, each marked by a specific challenge or "crisis." Successful resolution of each stage fosters competence, while failure may lead to feelings of inadequacy.
The first four of Erikson's eight...
843
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
439