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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Identifying Priority Research Questions for Decentralized Wastewater.

Bryan W Brooks1, Timothy Callahan2, Jacob K Stanley1

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Decentralized wastewater systems are crucial infrastructure. This study identified key research needs for improving their science and practice, ensuring public health and environmental protection globally.

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One Waterdecentralizedhorizon scanningresource recoverywater reuse

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Resource Management
  • Public Health Infrastructure

Background:

  • Decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse are vital for global infrastructure, spanning rural to urban areas.
  • Despite their importance, inconsistent service delivery persists, particularly in the United States.
  • A One Water approach emphasizes on-premise technologies for public health and environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify challenges and research opportunities in decentralized wastewater science and practice.
  • To establish priority research questions through a comprehensive, participatory process.
  • To guide future research for improved decentralized wastewater management.

Main Methods:

  • A horizon scanning exercise involving over 450 professionals from diverse sectors.
  • Bottom-up submission of research needs via a transparent key questions approach.
  • Facilitated focus groups and an in-person synthesis workshop to identify priority research questions.

Main Results:

  • Research needs were categorized into six key areas: treatment, performance, resource recovery; resiliency, efficacy, sustainability; environmental quality, public health; assessment, monitoring, O&M; implementation; and regulations, enforcement, environmental justice.
  • A consensus process identified priority research questions across these categories.
  • The study highlights the need for advancements in both technical and management aspects of decentralized systems.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the identified priority research questions is essential for advancing the science of decentralized wastewater.
  • Improved scientific understanding and practice are needed across rural, peri-urban, and urban gradients.
  • Recommendations are provided to guide future research and enhance the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of decentralized wastewater systems.