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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Functional connectivity patterns in preschool children associated with working memory performance and digital device

Nadezhda V Sutormina1, Inna A Kalabina2, Victoria L Efimova2

  • 1Department of the Developmental Psychology and Family Pedagogics, Herzen State Pedagogical University, Saint-Petersburg, 191186, Russia. nadya.sutormina.92@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Brief smartphone use in children did not alter brain connectivity. However, working memory capacity in 5-7 year olds was linked to distinct brain network patterns in delta and beta frequency bands.

Keywords:
EEGFunctional connectivityDigital device useGraph theoryPreschool childrenWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Digital devices are common in early childhood.
  • The neurocognitive effects of touchscreen technology are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if short smartphone gameplay alters functional connectivity in children's brains.
  • To examine the relationship between brain connectivity and working memory.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 31 children (5-7 years old) before and after smartphone gameplay.
  • Graph-theoretical metrics quantified functional connectivity in delta and beta bands.
  • Cluster analysis identified distinct connectivity patterns.

Main Results:

  • Short-term smartphone gameplay did not significantly change EEG functional connectivity.
  • Distinct connectivity patterns were observed across frequency bands.
  • Higher working memory performance correlated with specific delta and beta band network configurations.

Conclusions:

  • EEG functional connectivity metrics can reflect individual differences in working memory capacity.
  • Brain network organization, rather than acute screen exposure, is associated with working memory performance in children.