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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Lower GI Series: Barium Enema01:23

Lower GI Series: Barium Enema

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A Barium Enema, or a lower GI series, is a specialized radiographic examination designed to visualize the lower gastrointestinal tract, specifically the colon and rectum. This procedure is instrumental in diagnosing various conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, diverticulosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Procedure Details
The examination begins by inserting a lubricated rectal tube into the patient's rectum to administer a radiopaque barium solution. The barium flow is carefully...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture
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Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture

Published on: November 25, 2025

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Bile Leak: Is There Optimal Timing for Endoscopy?

Theodoros A Voulgaris1, Ioannis S Papanikolaou1,2, Dimitrios I Ziogas3

  • 1Department of Endoscopy, Second Academic Surgical Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|December 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for bile leaks accelerates healing. ERCP with stenting is the primary treatment for minor bile leaks, improving outcomes.

Keywords:
bile leakendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyhealing ratestenttiming

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Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Followed by Primary Suture Using a Modified Bile Duct Incision
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Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery
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Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Followed by Primary Suture Using a Modified Bile Duct Incision
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Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery
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Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Interventional Endoscopy

Background:

  • Bile leak is a frequent complication post-hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.
  • Timely management is crucial to prevent severe outcomes.
  • Optimal timing and technique for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in bile leak treatment remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of ERCP timing on bile leak healing.
  • To assess outcomes based on different bile duct injury types.
  • To determine the effectiveness of ERCP with stenting for bile leaks.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 176 patients undergoing ERCP for bile leaks over 25 years (2001-2025).
  • Data collected from a prospectively maintained database.
  • Evaluation of leak origin, ERCP timing, intervention type, and healing outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Most leaks (81.5%) followed cholecystectomy, with a median 7-day delay to ERCP.
  • Stent placement significantly improved healing rates (93.9% vs. 75.9%, p=0.007).
  • Early ERCP correlated with faster healing (RR: 0.362, p<0.001), while later intervention prolonged healing time.

Conclusions:

  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with stenting is the preferred first-line treatment for minor bile leaks.
  • Prompt ERCP intervention is essential for accelerating bile leak healing.
  • Specific leak locations, like right aberrant bile ducts, may require longer healing times.