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Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

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Published on: July 10, 2014

A New Disinfection Approach Using a Chitosan-Based Endodontic Irrigant.

Alejandra Itzel Lopez-Flores¹, Ulises Velazquez-Enriquez², Rogelio Jose Scougall-Vilchis²

¹Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50130, MX, Mexico.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 31, 2025

Summary

Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with antibiotics show promise as endodontic irrigants, with ciprofloxacin-loaded nanoparticles exhibiting strong antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis and metronidazole-loaded nanoparticles demonstrating low cytotoxicity.

Keywords:

antibacterial effect antibiotics chitosan irrigators root canal irrigants

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Endodontics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Chitosan nanoparticles (CH-NPs) offer a dual benefit of antibacterial activity and low toxicity for endodontic irrigants.
Developing effective irrigants is crucial for improving endodontic treatment outcomes.
Enterococcus faecalis is a persistent pathogen in endodontic infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate chitosan nanoparticles loaded with metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline.
To assess the antibacterial efficacy of these CH-NPs against Enterococcus faecalis.
To determine the cytotoxicity of the developed CH-NPs on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Main Methods:

Synthesis and characterization of antibiotic-loaded CH-NPs using FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) via agar diffusion and microdilution assays.
Cytotoxicity assessment using median cytotoxic dose evaluation on hDPSCs.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of CH-NPs loaded with metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline confirmed by spectroscopic analysis.
CH-NPs-ciprofloxacin demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis.
CH-NPs-metronidazole exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity against hDPSCs, while CH-NPs-minocycline showed enhanced antibacterial effects but increased cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

Antibiotic-loaded CH-NPs represent a potential advancement in endodontic irrigation solutions.
Further research is needed to fully explore the therapeutic potential and optimize the use of CH-NPs in endodontics.
This study provides foundational data for developing novel endodontic irrigants with improved efficacy and safety profiles.