Overcoming Recalcitrance: A Review of Regeneration Methods and Challenges in Roses

Area of Science:

• Plant Biotechnology
• Horticultural Science
• Molecular Breeding

Background:

• Roses (Rosa spp.) are crucial floricultural crops, but traditional breeding is slow.
• Plant transformation and genome editing offer advanced breeding tools, yet are hindered by poor rose regeneration.
• Rose tissue culture regeneration is notoriously recalcitrant, depending heavily on genotype and culture conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current advancements in in vitro regeneration techniques for roses.
• To identify key factors influencing morphogenic response and regeneration success.
• To discuss strategies for overcoming regeneration barriers in rose molecular breeding.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of recent research on rose organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.
• Analysis of critical determinants: explant source, hormonal balance, media composition, and environmental factors.
• Discussion of physiological, biochemical, and molecular regulation of rose morphogenesis.

Main Results:

• Regeneration success in roses is influenced by genotype, explant, and precise culture conditions.
• Low regeneration frequencies and genotype dependency remain significant limitations.
• Optimized protocols and understanding of recalcitrance are crucial for progress.

Conclusions:

• Overcoming rose regeneration recalcitrance is vital for applying plant transformation and genome editing.
• Strategies like using morphogenic regulators and in planta transformation show promise.
• These approaches could lead to cultivar-independent transformation and genome editing in roses.