How the Intake of Pulses May Impact Metabolic Disorders and Dementia Risk: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Science
• Human Evolution
• Public Health

Background:

• Pulses are rich in antioxidants but contain antinutrients, requiring processing to retain health benefits.
• Epidemiological studies link pulse consumption to improved metabolism.
• Molecular and clinical research suggests nutrigenomic and gut microbiota mechanisms for health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the geographical origin, distribution, and historical impact of pulses.
• To explore the influence of pulses on human health, including metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
• To identify research gaps and suggest future directions for investigating pulse efficacy.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of existing literature.
• Analysis of epidemiological, molecular, and clinical research on pulse consumption.
• Synthesis of evidence regarding health outcomes and potential mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Pulse consumption is associated with favorable metabolic effects.
• Pulses may help ameliorate metabolic disorders and reduce the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
• Current literature lacks randomized controlled trials on pulse health outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Pulses show potential for improving metabolic health and reducing dementia risk.
• Further research, particularly randomized controlled trials, is essential to validate these findings.
• Evidence-based dietary recommendations for pulse consumption can improve public health.