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In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

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Smart Vesicle Therapeutics: Engineering Precision at the Nanoscale.

Luciano A Benedini^1,2, Paula V Messina¹

¹INQUISUR-CONICET, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Del Sur, Bahía Blanca B8000CPB, Argentina.

|December 31, 2025

Summary

Smart vesicle therapeutics are advancing nanomedicine for precise drug delivery and diagnostics. These engineered nanocarriers offer enhanced efficacy and personalized treatment options, paving the way for next-generation therapies.

Keywords:

active and passive targeting exosomes extracellular vesicles functionalization isolation/synthesis liposomes modified release niosomes pharmacokinetics polymersomes

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Area of Science:

Nanomedicine
Biotechnology
Therapeutics

Background:

Smart vesicles, including liposomes, niosomes, polymersomes, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are key platforms in nanomedicine.
They offer biocompatible and adaptable systems for drug delivery and theranostic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in the design and engineering of smart vesicles.
To highlight their capabilities in integrating therapeutic and diagnostic functions.
To discuss challenges and emerging solutions for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

Tailoring vesicle properties (size, composition, surface chemistry).
Engineering stimuli-responsive and hybrid bio-inspired systems.
Integrating diagnostic functions for theranostic applications.

Main Results:

Improved pharmacokinetics, reduced immunogenicity, and controlled drug release.
Spatiotemporal regulation of therapeutic action via stimuli-responsive designs.
Enhanced precision medicine through real-time monitoring and adaptive treatment control.

Conclusions:

Smart vesicles represent a convergence of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and clinical science.
They are driving the development of safer, more effective, and personalized precision therapies.
Overcoming challenges in production and standardization is crucial for clinical translation.