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Related Concept Videos

Field Application of Global Positioning System01:28

Field Application of Global Positioning System

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Types of Global Positioning System Surveys01:30

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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

Errors in Global Positioning System

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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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Introduction to Global Positioning System01:30

Introduction to Global Positioning System

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense  for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...
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Wind Turbine Machine Models01:24

Wind Turbine Machine Models

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In the growing field of wind energy, incorporating wind turbine models into transient stability analysis is essential. Induction and synchronous machines are the primary models used, with induction machines being prevalent due to their simplicity and reliability.
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OCC-Based Positioning Method for Autonomous UAV Navigation in GNSS-Denied Environments: An Offshore Wind Farm

Ju-Hyun Kim1, Sung-Yoon Jung1

  • 1Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an optical camera communication (OCC) positioning method for uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) in GPS-denied areas. The system uses LED lights for precise, real-time 3D positioning, offering a robust navigation alternative.

Keywords:
GNSS-denied environmentUAV localizationYOLOv8offshore wind turbineoptical camera communication (OCC)perspective-n-points (PnP)uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV)vehicle positioningvehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Autonomous Systems
  • Optical Wireless Communications
  • Navigation and Positioning Systems

Background:

  • Accurate navigation for uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) is essential, particularly in environments lacking reliable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals.
  • Existing localization methods often rely on satellite or radio frequency (RF) infrastructure, which can be unavailable or unreliable in certain operational settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an optical camera communication (OCC)-based positioning method for real-time 3D coordinate estimation of UAVs.
  • To demonstrate a GNSS-independent localization solution using visible light communication.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized aviation obstruction light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as optical transmitters emitting color-shift-keying modulated signals.
  • Employed a UAV-mounted camera as the receiver to capture and decode LED signals.
  • Integrated decoded positional identifiers with geometric constraints via the Perspective-n-Point algorithm for 3D position estimation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved submeter localization precision over a 50,000 cm flight path in a simulated offshore wind farm environment.
  • Validated the feasibility and accuracy of the OCC-based positioning method for real-time UAV navigation.
  • Demonstrated the system's capability to operate effectively without GNSS or RF infrastructure.

Conclusions:

  • OCC-based positioning presents a cost-effective and robust alternative for UAV navigation in GNSS-denied or complex environments.
  • The method shows significant potential for industrial applications, such as offshore wind farm inspection and maintenance.
  • Integration of optical wireless communication offers a promising pathway for enhancing autonomous UAV systems.