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Toward Detection of Inert PFAS: Single/Few-CNT Devices for Sensing PFOA.

Collins Dormena¹, Obed Appiah¹, Taher Ghomian^1,2

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 31, 2025

Summary

This study demonstrates a new nanosensor using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to detect perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The sensor shows enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, offering a promising tool for environmental monitoring of PFAS.

Keywords:

CNT-PFAS interaction carbon nanosensor nanotube PFAS

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Environmental Science

Background:

Electron transport in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is sensitive to environmental interactions, enabling sensing applications.
Detection of electrochemically inert compounds like per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) often requires complex analytical methods.
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a prevalent PFAS compound with significant environmental and health concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the response of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
To develop a sensitive and selective nanosensor for PFOA detection using a single/few-CNT device.
To explore the effect of gate voltage on SWCNT sensor performance for enhanced detection capabilities.

Main Methods:

Utilized a single/few-SWCNT device fabricated with dielectrophoresis across nanogaps.
Investigated SWCNT resistance changes in response to varying PFOA concentrations.
Employed impedance spectroscopy and applied gate voltage to analyze sensor response and selectivity.

Main Results:

Device resistance decreased with increasing PFOA concentration.
Positive gate voltage significantly enhanced PFOA detection sensitivity, by nearly an order of magnitude at 0.3 V.
Impedance spectroscopy revealed distinct signatures for selective PFOA detection, further improved by gate voltage.

Conclusions:

Gated SWCNT devices offer a robust platform for sensitive and selective detection of PFOA.
This technology holds potential for accurate environmental monitoring of PFAS and other inert compounds.
The single/few-CNT approach overcomes limitations of larger networks, improving sensor stability and practicality.