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Online Extremism: Research Trends in Internet Activism, Radicalization, and Counter-Strategies
Charlie Winter1, Peter Neumann1, Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens2
1International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation (ICSR) at King's College London.
Violent extremists utilize the internet for propaganda, recruitment, and logistics. This review examines online radicalization, individual socialization, and emerging countermeasures against cyber-terrorism.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Computer Science
- Security Studies
Background:
- The internet has become a critical domain for violent extremist activities.
- Understanding the evolution of online extremist landscapes is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review academic literature on the use of the internet by violent extremists.
- To analyze the purposes and methods of online radicalization and extremist operations.
- To explore emerging strategies for countering online violent extremism.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of academic literature.
- Analysis of key concepts: extremism, cyber-terrorism, online radicalization.
- Tracking the evolution of extremist online platforms.
Main Results:
- Violent extremist organizations use the internet for propaganda, recruitment, logistics, funding, and hacking.
- Individuals use online platforms for socialization and learning, facilitating radicalization.
- The virtual extremist landscape has evolved from static websites to social media and encrypted apps.
Conclusions:
- The internet serves multifaceted roles for both individual and organizational violent extremism.
- Countering online violent extremism requires a combination of defensive and offensive measures.
- Further research is needed on the effectiveness of current online counter-extremism strategies.
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