Association of Anaemia and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Psychiatry
• Hematology

Background:

• Anemia is a global health issue affecting diverse populations.
• Depression is a significant comorbidity with potential impacts on anemia management.
• Understanding the prevalence of depression in anemia patients is crucial for comprehensive care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the overall prevalence of depression in patients with all types of anemia.
• To investigate variations in depression prevalence across different anemia types, age groups, genders, and geographical regions.
• To provide evidence for targeted screening and intervention strategies.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive meta-analysis of observational epidemiological studies was conducted.
• Literature search included PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar (2003-2024).
• Random-effects model used for meta-analysis; JBI score for quality appraisal; heterogeneity assessed with Q and I2 statistics; publication bias evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test.

Main Results:

• The pooled prevalence of depression among anemia patients was estimated at 36% (95% CI: 28-45%).
• Higher prevalence observed in sickle cell anemia (42%), Thalassemia (35%), and Iron deficiency anemia (20%).
• Depression rates were notably higher in Asia (40%) and Africa (37%) compared to America (28%) and Europe (20%), with younger patients showing increased prevalence.

Conclusions:

• A significant proportion of anemia patients experience depression, necessitating clinical attention.
• Routine depression screening during anemia follow-ups is recommended, particularly for high-risk groups and in resource-limited settings.
• Further research into the underlying mechanisms and effective interventions for depression in anemia is warranted.