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Impact of Additive-Induced Electric Polarization on Solar Cell Performance: CsPbI3 as a Case Study.

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Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 31, 2025
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Summary

Additives in perovskite solar cells enhance performance by improving film quality and inducing electric polarization. This polarization boosts charge separation and transport, leading to better solar cell efficiency.

Keywords:
additivesall‐inorganic metal halide Perovskites (MHPs)electric polarizationkelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM)piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Additives improve perovskite solar cell performance by enhancing film morphology and surface properties.
  • Additives can passivate defects within perovskite layers.
  • Many common additives possess an electric dipole moment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electric polarization induced by additives in perovskite thin-films.
  • To correlate this electric polarization with the performance of perovskite solar cells.
  • To understand the role of electric polarization in additive-enhanced solar cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Thin-film preparation of CsPbI3 with various additives.
  • Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) to measure piezoelectric coefficients (d33).
  • Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) to detect surface potential changes.

Main Results:

  • PFM and KPFM confirmed and quantified electric polarization in additive-incorporated films.
  • Solar cell parameters (p-i-n heterojunctions) showed a strong correlation with the active layer's electric polarization.
  • Additive incorporation led to improved film morphology and induced electric polarization.

Conclusions:

  • Additives offer a synergistic effect, improving film quality and inducing crucial electric polarization.
  • This induced polarization enhances charge separation and transport, leading to improved perovskite solar cell performance.
  • Electric polarization is a key factor, alongside morphology, in additive-mediated performance gains.