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Nb2C-MXene/UIO-66-COOH Hybrid-Modified MZI Sensor for Improved Riboflavin Detection.

Po Jin1, Wanlu Zheng1, Ya-Nan Zhang1,2,3

  • 1College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel fiber-optic biosensor utilizing Nb2C-MXene/UIO-66-COOH and adenosine was developed for sensitive riboflavin detection. This advanced sensor offers rapid and stable analysis for trace riboflavin concentrations.

Keywords:
MZI sensorNb2C-MXene/UIO-66-COOH compositefiber-optic sensormicrobial corrosionriboflavin

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is crucial for biological processes, and its accurate quantification is vital for health and industrial applications.
  • Existing methods for riboflavin detection can be time-consuming, complex, or lack sensitivity for trace amounts.
  • Development of rapid, sensitive, and stable biosensing platforms is essential for efficient riboflavin monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) biosensor for the sensitive detection of trace riboflavin concentrations.
  • To engineer a novel sensing interface using a Nb2C-MXene/UIO-66-COOH composite and adenosine.
  • To evaluate the sensor's performance, including sensitivity, limit of detection, stability, and shelf-life.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) biosensor.
  • Modification of the sensing interface with Nb2C-MXene nanosheets, UIO-66-COOH, and adenosine.
  • Utilizing the specific interaction between the isoxazine ring of riboflavin and the adenine ring of adenosine for signal generation.
  • Measuring changes in the transmission spectrum due to refractive index variations caused by adenosine/riboflavin complex formation.
  • Conducting experiments to determine sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), and stability for both solution-based and in situ measurements.

Main Results:

  • The developed biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity for riboflavin detection, with a sensitivity of 16.46 nm/μM and an LOD of 0.0271 μM in the range of 0-0.664 μM.
  • For in situ measurements, the sensor achieved a sensitivity of 55.51 nm/OD and an LOD of 0.0081 OD.
  • The sensor significantly reduced detection time for microbial corrosion to 184 seconds with good stability.
  • The sensor exhibited good performance in shelf-life tests, maintaining functionality for 7 days when stored under appropriate conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The Nb2C-MXene/UIO-66-COOH composite and adenosine-modified fiber-optic MZI biosensor provides a highly sensitive and rapid method for detecting trace riboflavin.
  • The sensor's ability to perform in situ measurements and its reduced detection time offer significant advantages for applications like monitoring microbial corrosion.
  • The developed biosensing platform shows promise for practical applications requiring efficient and reliable riboflavin quantification.