Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

8.8K

Miliary tuberculosis with hypercalcaemia-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in an infant

Md Tousifullah1, Anuj Rastogi2

  • 1Paediatrics, Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

BMJ Case Reports
|December 31, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Miliary tuberculosis (TB) in infants can cause severe hypercalcemia, a rare but critical condition. Prompt recognition and a multimodal treatment approach involving corticosteroids and other therapies are vital for managing this emergency.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a severe, rare infant manifestation.
  • Hypercalcemia is infrequently reported in pediatric TB, unlike in adults.
  • Hypercalcemia can lead to complications like nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of miliary TB with hypercalcemia in an infant.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and management strategies for this rare condition.
  • To emphasize the importance of prompt recognition and multimodal treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a female infant with tubercular lymphadenitis and miliary TB.
  • Clinical presentation included polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss.
  • Diagnostic workup revealed hypercalcemia, suppressed parathyroid hormone, elevated vitamin D levels, and dilute polyuria.

Main Results:

  • The infant presented with symptoms of hypercalcemia despite anti-tubercular therapy (ATT).
  • Initial management with hydration and ATT was insufficient.
  • Multimodal treatment including corticosteroids, furosemide, and zoledronic acid led to significant clinical improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Hypercalcemia in pediatric miliary TB is a rare but potentially life-threatening emergency.
  • Prompt diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment strategy are essential for favorable outcomes.
  • This case underscores the need for vigilance in recognizing and managing hypercalcemia in infants with TB.

Keywords:
Calcium and boneFailure to thriveFluid electrolyte and acid-base disturbancesPaediatric intensive careTB and other respiratory infections

More Related Videos

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells09:40

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: June 20, 2018

18.4K
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

576

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.1K
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
3.0K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
884
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
679
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
27.1K
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
375