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Cardiovascular Impact in Patients With COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abed H Khan1, Md Mizanur Rahman Khan1, Shohael Mahmud Arafat1
1Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, BGD.
Insights
Cardiovascular complications frequently occur in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh, even without prior heart disease. This highlights the need for cardiac evaluation during and after COVID-19 infection, regardless of baseline risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to significant cardiovascular issues.
- Research on COVID-19's cardiac impact in individuals without pre-existing heart disease, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and associated factors of new-onset cardiovascular complications in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh who had no prior heart disease.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from February to July 2022.
- Included were adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 and no cardiovascular history.
- Data collected included clinical information, lab results, and ECG/echocardiographic findings. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed demographic associations.
Main Results:
- Of 182 patients, 31.9% developed new-onset cardiovascular complications, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy.
- These events occurred across all COVID-19 severity levels.
- No significant associations were found between cardiovascular complications and age, sex, or smoking status.
Conclusions:
- Cardiovascular complications are prevalent in Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients, including younger individuals without prior heart disease.
- Proactive cardiac evaluation during and post-COVID-19 infection is crucial for all patients, irrespective of their baseline cardiovascular risk.
Abstract:
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with significant cardiovascular complications. While most studies focus on patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions, less is known about the cardiovascular impact in individuals without prior heart disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical profile, and associated factors of new-onset cardiovascular complications among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh without pre-existing heart disease. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from February to July 2022. Adult patients (≥18 years) hospitalized with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 and no prior cardiovascular history were included. Clinical data, laboratory findings, and electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between demographic variables (age, sex, smoking status) and cardiovascular complications. Results Among 182 patients (mean age: 37.5 ± 12.14 years; 52.1% female), new-onset cardiovascular complications were observed in 58 (31.9%) with hypertension, 20 (10.9%) with ischemic heart disease, 19 (10.44%) with myocardial infarction, 16 (8.79%) with heart failure, 11 (6.04%) with arrhythmias, and 10 (5.49%) with cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular events occurred across all levels of COVID-19 severity, including mild and moderate presentations. No statistically significant associations were found between cardiovascular complications and age, sex, or smoking status. Conclusions Cardiovascular complications are common among COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh, even in younger individuals without prior heart disease. These findings highlight the need for proactive cardiac evaluation during and after COVID-19 infection, regardless of baseline cardiovascular risk.
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