Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh: National Estimates and Risk Correlates

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing global health challenge.
• Limited national data exists on T2D prevalence and risk factors among youth in Bangladesh.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in young people in Bangladesh.
• To identify associated risk factors for T2D in this demographic.

Main Methods:

• A nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in 2024, involving 2,300 adolescents and young adults (10-34 years) from diverse regions.
• Data collection included glycemic status (oral glucose tolerance test), lipid profiles, anthropometry, blood pressure, sociodemographics, and lifestyle factors.
• Multistage random sampling ensured representative participation across rural and urban settings.

Main Results:

• The prevalence of early-onset T2D was 4.5% (104/2,300), with 18.4% (423/2,300) having prediabetes.
• Diabetes prevalence was significantly higher in young adults (7.5%) versus adolescents (1.3%) and in urban (6.0%) versus rural residents (3.2%).
• Independent risk factors identified included suboptimal physical activity, smokeless tobacco use, central obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia.

Conclusions:

• Early-onset T2D and prediabetes are significant public health issues among young people in Bangladesh.
• Urban young adults face a higher burden of T2D.
• Targeted interventions addressing physical activity, tobacco cessation, obesity, and hypertension are crucial for prevention.