Lymphatic Interventions and Treatment: Current Techniques and Applications in Pediatric and Adult Patients

The lymphatic system is a crucial component of human physiology, maintaining fluid homeostasis, supporting immune surveillance, and transporting macronutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. Disorders of lymphatic conduction-whether congenital or acquired-can result in debilitating complications including chylothorax, protein-losing enteropathy, plastic bronchitis, and generalized anasarca. Advances in imaging and percutaneous interventions have brought great progress in management of these conditions, offering less invasive, targeted approaches with improved outcomes. This review provides a discussion of lymphatic anatomy and physiology, classification of flow disorders, imaging modalities, and the technical execution of percutaneous lymphatic interventions. It then highlights disease-specific approaches, with attention to recent innovations in embolization techniques.