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Updated: May 5, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Published on: March 3, 2023
Genome sequence data of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis HMTZ24 carrying multiple virulence factors,
Talal S Salih1, Zeyad T Al-Rrassam1, Muhammad A Muhammad2
1Department of Medical Physics, College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Abstract:
Enterococcus faecalis is a common pathogen associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide. Here we present the draft genome sequence of E. faecalis strain HMTZ24, isolated from the urine of a female patient in Mosul, Iraq. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The assembled genome is 2,623,745 base pairs (bp) in length distributed across 128 contigs, with an N50 of 41,811 bp and a GC content of 37.73%. Annotation revealed 2,510 coding sequences (CDSs), 50 tRNAs, and 5 rRNA genes. Phylogenomic taxonomy analysis indicated that strain HMTZ24 is closely related to E. faecalis NBRC 100480 (=ATCC 19433) with a digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) value of 92.9 % and an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 99.16 %. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assigned the HMTZ24 strain to sequence type 28 (ST28). The genome harbors six antimicrobial resistance genes confirming resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, rifampin, trimethoprim, lincomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including Tn6009 and ISLgar5, and 14 virulence factor genes including ebpA, ebpB, ebpC, ace, strA, espfs, cad, camE, cCf10, cOB1, gelE, tpx, efaA, and ElrA were also identified. The dataset provides a valuable genomic resource for comparative analyses of E. faecalis strains, supporting studies on antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and regional epidemiology. The draft genome sequence of strain HMTZ24 has been deposited in NCBI under the accession number JBISBO000000000.1.
Insights
We present the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis strain HMTZ24, isolated from a UTI patient in Iraq. This genomic data reveals antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors, aiding future research on this common pathogen.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Genomics
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Enterococcus faecalis is a significant cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) globally.
- Understanding the genetic makeup of E. faecalis strains is crucial for combating antibiotic resistance and infection spread.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis strain HMTZ24.
- To identify antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors within this strain.
- To provide a genomic resource for studying E. faecalis epidemiology and pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Whole-genome sequencing using Illumina NovaSeq 6000.
- Bioinformatic analysis including genome assembly, annotation, phylogenomic taxonomy, and MLST.
- Identification of antimicrobial resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, and virulence factors.
Main Results:
- The assembled genome is 2.62 Mbp with 2,510 coding sequences.
- Strain HMTZ24 belongs to Sequence Type 28 (ST28) and is closely related to reference strains.
- The genome contains multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (e.g., vancomycin, ciprofloxacin) and 14 virulence factors (e.g., ace, ebpA).
Conclusions:
- The HMTZ24 genome provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in E. faecalis.
- This genomic data supports comparative studies and enhances understanding of regional E. faecalis epidemiology.
- The availability of this genome sequence facilitates further research into UTI pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
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