Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Echo

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

North Atlantic right whale localization and source level estimation using two coherently beamformed linear arrays.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025

Same author

North Atlantic right whale detection range performance quantification on a bottom-mounted linear hydrophone array using a calibrated acoustic source.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025

Same author

Overflow waters in the western Irminger Sea modify deep sound speed structure and convergence zone propagation.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2024

Same author

A wave glider-based, towed hydrophone array system for autonomous, real-time, passive acoustic marine mammal monitoring.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2022

Same author

Machine learning-based classification of recreational fishing vessel kinematics from broadband striation patterns.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2020

Same author

Use of mode subspace projections for depth discrimination with a horizontal line array: theory and experimental results.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Published on: June 16, 2023

Non-parametric acoustic source depth discrimination in a ducted environment with a vertical line array.

Vincent E Premus¹, Yuhui Ai¹, Arthur B Baggeroer²

¹Ocean Acoustical Services and Instrumentation Systems, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of ThayerMahan, Inc., 175 Cabot Street, Suite 400, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|January 2, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel non-parametric method for underwater source depth discrimination using vertical line arrays. It effectively identifies signal paths and noise structure without needing prior environmental data.

More Related Videos

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Published on: May 1, 2018

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

Published on: December 3, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Published on: June 16, 2023

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Published on: May 1, 2018

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

Published on: December 3, 2016

Area of Science:

Ocean acoustics
Signal processing
Array processing

Background:

Vertical line arrays (VLAs) enable analysis of sound speed stratification.
Source depth discrimination is crucial for underwater acoustic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce a non-parametric method for source depth discrimination.
Utilize vertical aperture to estimate dominant normal modes.
Evaluate performance using experimental data.

Main Methods:

Relies on the principal eigenvector of the array spatial cross-covariance estimate.
Estimates vertical wavenumber spectrum using conventional and minimum variance methods.
Quantifies performance using receiver operating characteristic curves.

Main Results:

The principal eigenvector estimates dominant excited normal modes.
Conventional and minimum variance methods offer different spatial resolutions.
Experimental data validated the depth discrimination approach.

Conclusions:

The non-parametric method effectively discriminates source depth.
No prior knowledge of sound speed or mode functions is required.
Successful demonstration using data from a wave glider deployment.