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North Atlantic right whale localization and source level estimation using two coherently beamformed linear arrays.

Ted A Abbot¹, Evan O Granite², Vincent E Premus¹

¹Ocean Acoustical Services and Instrumentation Systems, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of ThayerMahan, Inc., 175 Cabot Street, Suite 400, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.

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Summary

Researchers estimated the North Atlantic right whale upcall source level at 170 dB RMS. This finding supports passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals in offshore wind construction areas.

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Area of Science:

Marine bioacoustics
Oceanography
Environmental acoustics

Background:

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is crucial for assessing marine mammal populations.
Offshore wind development necessitates understanding potential impacts on marine life, particularly endangered species like the North Atlantic right whale.
Accurate source level estimation is vital for interpreting acoustic data and assessing exposure risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate the mean source level of North Atlantic right whale upcalls.
To evaluate the effectiveness of hydrophone arrays for localizing right whales in an offshore wind area.
To characterize the acoustic environment relevant to marine mammal vocalizations.

Main Methods:

Deployment of two bottom-mounted, 32-channel hydrophone line arrays for passive acoustic monitoring.
Localization of North Atlantic right whales using cross-fixes from relative bearings to detected upcalls.
Transmission loss (TL) testing to characterize the acoustic propagation environment (17 log(R)).

Main Results:

Repeated detection and localization of North Atlantic right whales over a two-hour period.
Estimation of the North Atlantic right whale upcall mean source level at 170 dB root-mean-square re 1 μPa @ 1 m (σ = 2.5 dB).
Successful demonstration of hydrophone array capabilities for right whale detection and localization in the study area.

Conclusions:

The estimated source level provides a critical baseline for right whale acoustic studies.
Passive acoustic monitoring with beamformed hydrophone arrays is effective for detecting and localizing right whales in dynamic environments.
Findings contribute to the responsible development of offshore wind farms by informing marine mammal monitoring strategies.