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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

69.9K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
69.9K
Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

6.1K
The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
6.1K
Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

38.6K
Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
38.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.4K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.4K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

15.1K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
15.1K
Vector Transformation in Rotating Coordinate Systems01:16

Vector Transformation in Rotating Coordinate Systems

2.5K
Consider a vector rotating about an axis with an angular velocity, such that its tip sweeps a circular path.
2.5K

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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

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Tailoring the van der Waals Interaction with Rotation.

H S G Amaral1,2, P P Abrantes1,2, F Impens2

  • 1Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Física, 24210-346, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Physical Review Letters
|January 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers can tune the van der Waals force between levitated nanoparticles by controlling their rotation speed. Near resonance, rotation enhances attraction; beyond resonance, it can induce repulsion, offering new control over nanoparticle interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics, Nanotechnology, Materials Science

Background:

  • Van der Waals forces are crucial for nanoparticle interactions.
  • Controlling these forces is essential for applications in nanotechnology and materials science.
  • Existing methods for manipulating inter-particle forces are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a systematic procedure for engineering van der Waals forces between levitated nanoparticles.
  • To investigate the effect of nanoparticle rotation on inter-particle forces.
  • To demonstrate tunable attraction and repulsion between nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Levitating nanoparticles in high vacuum.
  • Inducing fast rotation in nanoparticles.
  • Tuning rotation frequency near polaritonic resonance.
  • Analyzing rotational Doppler shifts and their effect on polarizability.

Main Results:

  • Rotation significantly enhances van der Waals attraction near polaritonic resonance.
  • Rotation can switch the interaction from attraction to repulsion beyond resonance.
  • Rotational Doppler shifts modify nanoparticle polarizability, reshaping interactions.
  • Demonstrated force modification in barium strontium titanate nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle rotation provides a novel method to engineer van der Waals forces.
  • This technique allows for tunable control over inter-particle attraction and repulsion.
  • The findings are relevant for current experimental capabilities and future nanotechnology applications.