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Aquatic neurology
Ruth Wood1, Babak Soleimani2,3, Brian O'Toole4
1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
Practical Neurology
|January 2, 2026
Summary
Engaging with water environments poses neurological risks from toxins, infections, and diving physiology. This review details these nervous system dangers and their symptoms for medical professionals.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
Background:
- Human interaction with aquatic environments is common through recreation, occupation, and diet.
- These interactions carry potential health benefits but also significant neurological risks.
- Pathological mechanisms include toxins, infections, and diving-related physiological stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review neurological risks associated with aquatic environments.
- To highlight the diverse pathological mechanisms affecting the nervous system.
- To increase awareness among neurologists regarding these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific articles and case studies.
- Analysis of neurological presentations linked to aquatic exposures.
- Synthesis of information on toxins, infections, and diving physiology.
Main Results:
- Identified acute and chronic neurological disorders stemming from aquatic activities.
- Detailed various neurotoxins and infectious agents encountered in water.
- Described neurological consequences of altered pressure and gas physiology during diving.
Conclusions:
- Aquatic activities present a spectrum of neurological hazards requiring medical attention.
- Neurologists must be aware of these risks for accurate diagnosis and management.
- Further research and clinical vigilance are needed to address aquatic-related neurological conditions.
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