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Systematic review and meta-analysis of isoflavone interventions on cognitive function
Luke Till1, Dan Lamport1, Claire M Williams1
1School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6ES, United Kingdom.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|January 3, 2026
Summary
Dietary isoflavones (ISFs), found in soy, may improve cognitive function, especially memory, in aging adults. This review and meta-analysis found significant positive effects on memory, though overall cognitive impact was modest.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Neuroscience
- Gerontology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Isoflavones (ISFs) are phytoestrogenic compounds abundant in soy.
- Cognitive decline is a significant concern in aging populations.
- ISFs are being investigated for their potential cognitive benefits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the effects of dietary soy or isoflavone interventions on cognitive functions.
- To statistically assess the impact on specific cognitive domains.
- To determine the significance of ISFs for cognitive health in aging.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (n=37 studies).
- Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where data was available (n=16).
- Assessment of risk of bias and methodological quality.
Main Results:
- Meta-analysis showed a significant positive effect on composite cognitive function (effect size 0.25).
- Domain-specific analysis revealed a significant positive effect on memory (effect size 0.33).
- No significant effects were found for executive function, psychomotor speed, or processing speed.
Conclusions:
- Isoflavone supplementation provides statistical evidence for influencing specific cognitive domains, particularly memory.
- While the overall composite cognitive effect is modest, ISFs may benefit targeted cognitive improvements.
- Dietary isoflavones represent a potential intervention for enhancing memory in aging individuals.
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