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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

An Enrichment Method for Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Liver Cancer Tissue
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Ribosomal Protein RPL29 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Regulation the Expression of Exosome

Xiaoxue Wang1, Zexin Zhu2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Biological Procedures Online
|January 4, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Ribosomal protein RPL29 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and metastasis by upregulating EXOSC4. Targeting RPL29 or EXOSC4 offers a new therapeutic strategy for primary liver cancer (PLC).

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Primary liver cancer (PLC) presents significant therapeutic challenges.
  • The role and mechanisms of ribosomal protein (RP) RPL29 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression, prognostic value, and functional role of RPL29 in HCC.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of RPL29 in HCC progression and metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry to assess RPL29 expression and prognostic value in HCC.
  • Gene manipulation (siRNA, cDNA) to study RPL29's effect on HCC cell viability and invasion.
  • Western blot and xenograft models to explore RPL29's function in regulating HCC malignancy.
  • Screening of small molecule drugs targeting EXOSC4.

Main Results:

  • RPL29 expression is significantly elevated in HCC tissues and correlates with poorer patient survival.
  • RPL29 promotes HCC cell proliferation and metastasis, partly by enhancing Exosome Component 4 (EXOSC4) expression.
  • Both RPL29 and EXOSC4 are overexpressed in HCC and associated with adverse outcomes.
  • RPL29 overexpression can rescue proliferation and invasion in EXOSC4-silenced HCC cells.

Conclusions:

  • RPL29 facilitates HCC progression and metastasis by regulating EXOSC4 expression.
  • RPL29 and EXOSC4 represent potential therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
Keywords:
EXOSC4Hepatocellular carcinomaProgressionRPL29

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