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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents

The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents

Published on: April 19, 2019

TI-Toolbox: An open-source software for temporal interference stimulation research.

Ido Haber¹, Aksel Jackson², Axel Thielscher³

¹Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Brain Stimulation

|January 4, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

TI-Toolbox is a new open-source platform for temporal interference (TI) stimulation research. It streamlines neuroimaging preprocessing, montage optimization, and field simulation, accelerating non-invasive deep brain stimulation studies.

Keywords:

Brain stimulation Computational modeling Neuroimaging Open-source software SimNIBS Temporal interference

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Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Temporal interference (TI) stimulation offers selective deep brain targeting with reduced cortical effects.
Existing TI research lacks integrated computational tools for seamless neuroimaging to analysis workflows.
A unified framework is crucial for translational and clinical applications of TI stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop TI-Toolbox, an open-source software platform for temporal interference stimulation research.
To integrate neuroimaging preprocessing, montage optimization, electric field simulation, and analysis into a unified framework.
To enhance reproducibility and accessibility for researchers across expertise levels.

Main Methods:

Developed TI-Toolbox integrating tools like dcm2niix, SimNIBS, and FreeSurfer.
Implemented end-to-end workflows for MRI preprocessing, volume conduction modeling, montage optimization, and electric field simulation.
Provided both graphical and command-line interfaces with Docker containerization for accessibility and reproducibility.

Main Results:

TI-Toolbox automates the entire TI research pipeline from data conversion to field analysis.
The platform demonstrates robust performance and enhances workflow standardization and reproducibility.
Case studies validated HD-EEG mapping for montage standardization and individualized modeling for exposure assessment.

Conclusions:

TI-Toolbox bridges critical infrastructure gaps in temporal interference stimulation research.
The unified, validated platform reduces technical barriers for researchers.
Accelerates translational research in non-invasive deep brain stimulation.