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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice
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Developing brains and changing worlds: Macroenvironmental changes and their association with brain development.

Juan F Quinones1, Tobias Banaschewski2, Arun L W Bokde3

  • 1Center for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.

Environmental Research
|January 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neighborhood environmental changes, like tree cover and air pollution, significantly impact adolescent brain development. This longitudinal study links environmental shifts to changes in brain structure, including cortical thickness and gray/white matter volumes.

Keywords:
AdolescenceBrain developmentChangeIMAGENMRIMacroenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Environmental Science
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Neighborhood physical environments influence brain development.
  • Urbanization and climate change necessitate understanding environmental impacts on the developing brain.
  • Previous studies often used limited cross-sectional data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between macroenvironmental changes and brain structural changes during adolescence.
  • To identify specific environmental features predicting adolescent brain development.
  • To utilize longitudinal data for a comprehensive analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Employed structural equation models and regularized multivariate path analysis.
  • Analyzed longitudinal data from 368 individuals (IMAGEN study) assessed at ages 14 and 22.
  • Examined changes in 15 macroenvironmental features and whole-brain structural characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Observed typical adolescent brain development alongside significant individual differences.
  • Identified specific macroenvironmental changes predicting brain alterations.
  • Tree cover density, water bodies, and air pollution changes significantly correlated with cortical thickness, connectivity, and gray/white matter volume changes.

Conclusions:

  • Macroenvironmental factors play a crucial role in shaping brain structure during adolescence.
  • Longitudinal assessment reveals dynamic relationships between environment and brain development.
  • Findings highlight the importance of urban planning and environmental quality for cognitive health.