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Body composition and cognitive function in Chinese rural adults: an exploratory factor analysis and network analysis.

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Central obesity increases cognitive decline risk, while muscle mass and leg fat distribution offer protection. Maintaining these body composition factors may support cognitive health.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Body composition significantly impacts cognitive function, though the relationship is debated.
  • Previous research indicates a link between physical characteristics and cognitive abilities.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for developing targeted health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between body composition and cognitive function in a rural population.
  • To identify specific body composition factors influencing cognitive decline.
  • To explore the interconnections between body composition and cognitive domains.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter cross-sectional study involving participants from 38 rural townships.
  • Exploratory factor analysis to classify 27 body composition variables into 6 factors.
  • Logistic regression and network analysis to evaluate associations and identify key variables.

Main Results:

  • Six key body composition factors were identified, with muscle mass, central obesity, and leg-dominant fat distribution showing significant associations.
  • Central obesity was linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline (OR=1.69).
  • Muscle mass (OR=0.393) and leg-dominant fat distribution (OR=0.473) demonstrated protective effects against cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • Central obesity poses a risk to cognitive function, whereas increased muscle mass and specific fat distribution patterns are protective.
  • Interventions focusing on improving muscle mass and managing central obesity may mitigate cognitive decline.
  • Targeting cognitive domains like language, attention, and registration could be beneficial in addressing body composition-related cognitive changes.