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Related Concept Videos

SDS-PAGE01:27

SDS-PAGE

23.2K
Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed  polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact...
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Western Blotting01:15

Western Blotting

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Western blotting is an analytical technique for protein identification. It has various applications in immunology and medicine, including detecting diseases like bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mad cow disease, and human and feline immunodeficiency virus from biological samples.
The technique begins with separating proteins from the sample using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by protein transfer, immunoblotting, and finally, protein detection.
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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

6.0K
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such...
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Updated: May 2, 2026

The Use of Reverse Phase Protein Arrays RPPA to Explore Protein Expression Variation within Individual Renal Cell Cancers
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Standardized SDS-PAGE Workflow for Personalized Protein Corona Profiling in Early Cancer Detection.

Erica Quagliarini1, Luca Digiacomo2, Francesca Giulimondi2

  • 1NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome; erica.quagliarini@uniroma1.it.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|January 6, 2026
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Summary

A new standardized method for analyzing the protein corona on nanoparticles enables early cancer detection. This cost-effective approach achieves up to 90% accuracy for pancreatic cancer screening, offering a scalable diagnostic tool.

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Standardized SDS-PAGE Workflow for Personalized Protein Corona Profiling in Early Cancer Detection
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Standardized SDS-PAGE Workflow for Personalized Protein Corona Profiling in Early Cancer Detection

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • The protein corona (PC) formed on nanoparticles (NPs) in biological fluids is key for minimally invasive cancer detection.
  • Developing robust and reproducible methods for PC profiling is crucial for clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a standardized protocol for protein corona profiling using SDS-PAGE.
  • To assess the method's reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and diagnostic potential for early cancer detection.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a standardized sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) protocol for protein corona analysis.
  • Validation across diverse nanoparticle platforms, plasma sources, and experimental conditions.
  • Comparison with conventional proteomics techniques for speed and cost-efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The standardized SDS-PAGE protocol demonstrated high reproducibility and minimal operator variability.
  • The method proved faster and more cost-effective than traditional proteomics approaches.
  • Application to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) achieved up to 90% classification accuracy, including early stages.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocol offers a standardized, robust, and automatable method for protein corona profiling.
  • This approach meets WHO REASSURED criteria, advancing towards clinically translatable and affordable cancer diagnostics.
  • The platform shows significant promise for early detection of aggressive cancers like PDAC.