Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

9.3K
Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
9.3K
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

3.5K
Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
3.5K
Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

7.8K
The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
7.8K
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

4.7K
Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
4.7K
Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

4.9K
Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
4.9K
Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

3.5K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diagnosis and Management of Intrauterine Pathology.

Gynecology and minimally invasive therapy·2026
Same author

Choroidal coloboma masquerading as regressed retinoblastoma.

BMJ case reports·2026
Same author

In-office bleaching effect with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on enamel color and demineralization.

Bioinformation·2026
Same author

Effect Sizes and Statistical Power in Hearing Aid Research.

American journal of audiology·2026
Same author

Perinatal Neuroprotective Strategies and Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants ≤32 Weeks' Gestational Age: A Prospective Study With a Historical Control Cohort.

Cureus·2026
Same author

CLnc-Pred: A Machine Learning Approach to Predict Long Non-Coding RNAs in Crops.

Current genomics·2026
Same journal

A Ni-Mediated Cross-Coupling Approach to Deuterated <sup>18</sup>F- Fluoromethylated (Hetero)arenes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Efficient Light-Driven CO<sub>2</sub> Capture and Reversible Release Enabled by Metastable Photoacid-Decorated Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

In Situ Raman Spectroscopy Reveals the Dynamic Evolution and Ethanol Dependence of SEI Structure in Li-Mediated N<sub>2</sub> Reduction Reaction.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Solvent Esterification and Stoichiometric Control in Ambient-Grown FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Single-Crystal Solar Cells.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Unlocking Azulene Functionalization via Strain-Induced Azulyne Intermediates.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

An Oxazine-Locked Covalent Organic Framework by a Tandem Pinner/Schiff Base Reaction for Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Glycopeptide Capture for Cell Surface Proteomics
10:11

Glycopeptide Capture for Cell Surface Proteomics

Published on: May 9, 2014

11.7K

Mapping GlycoRNAs on an Exosomal Surface.

Anita Yadav1, Anu Sharma1, Parmeshwar V Gavande1

  • 1McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel method to detect glycoRNAs on exosomes, revealing direct glycan-RNA links. This breakthrough advances understanding of glycoRNA biology and intercellular communication.

More Related Videos

Identifying Cell Surface Markers of Primary Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by Metabolic Labeling of Sialoglycan
11:39

Identifying Cell Surface Markers of Primary Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by Metabolic Labeling of Sialoglycan

Published on: September 7, 2019

5.7K
Visualizing Intracellular Sialylation with Click Chemistry and Expansion Microscopy
08:16

Visualizing Intracellular Sialylation with Click Chemistry and Expansion Microscopy

Published on: February 7, 2025

979

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Glycopeptide Capture for Cell Surface Proteomics
10:11

Glycopeptide Capture for Cell Surface Proteomics

Published on: May 9, 2014

11.7K
Identifying Cell Surface Markers of Primary Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by Metabolic Labeling of Sialoglycan
11:39

Identifying Cell Surface Markers of Primary Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by Metabolic Labeling of Sialoglycan

Published on: September 7, 2019

5.7K
Visualizing Intracellular Sialylation with Click Chemistry and Expansion Microscopy
08:16

Visualizing Intracellular Sialylation with Click Chemistry and Expansion Microscopy

Published on: February 7, 2025

979

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Exosomes are crucial for intercellular communication, but detecting surface glycoRNAs presents challenges due to their nanoscale size.
  • Current detection methods lack specificity and sensitivity for surface-bound glycoRNAs on exosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an innovative method for detecting glycoRNAs on exosome surfaces.
  • To investigate the biological significance of glycoRNAs in intercellular communication.

Main Methods:

  • Periodate oxidation and oxime ligation (OL) combined with RNA-binding dyes or molecular beacons (MB).
  • Sequential dual-labeling, flow cytometry, and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) for validation.
  • Enzymatic treatments (ribonucleases, PNGase F) to determine glycan modification location and stability.

Main Results:

  • Successfully detected and identified direct glycan-RNA linkages on exosome surfaces.
  • Validated method specificity and sensitivity, distinguishing exosome-surface-bound glycoRNAs.
  • Elucidated the role of glycoRNAs in cellular uptake and intercellular communication.

Conclusions:

  • The developed OL method offers a sensitive and specific approach for glycoRNA detection on exosomes.
  • GlycoRNAs play a significant role in intercellular communication via cellular uptake.
  • This work expands the scope of epitranscriptomics and offers potential therapeutic insights.