Solid-state shear pan-milling synthesis of high-performance MoS₂/graphene nanocomposites for supercapacitors

MoS₂/graphene composites are considered as promising electrode materials for the application in high-performance supercapacitors. The innovation of this study lies in the first-time application of solid-state shear pan-milling (S³M) technology to fabricate MoS₂/graphene composite electrodes with varying MoS₂ mass ratios (MG-20%, MG-40%, MG-50%, MG-60% and MG-80%), using MoS₂ nanosheets and flake graphite as raw materials. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements were employed to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the composites. At a current density of 1 A/g, the MG-20% composite exhibited a specific capacitance of 359 F/g and retained 91.82% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled with MG-20% as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode exhibited a high capacitance retention of 83.31% after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles and a high energy density of 16.7 Wh/kg at a power density of 0.69 kW/kg. The findings reveal that the S³M method enables effective structural integration of MoS₂/graphene composites, a critical advancement for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. This approach combines exceptional electrochemical properties with an environmentally benign and scalable synthesis process.