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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

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When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

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Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.

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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.

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Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene

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Published on: May 20, 2019

Sequence-Defined Polysulfates via S(VI)-Fluoride Exchange Iterative Exponential Growth (SuFEx IEG).

Jun Woo Kang¹, Do Gyun Kim¹, Se Hwa Park¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Seoul National Univeristy, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|January 6, 2026

Summary

A new polymer synthesis method called SuFEx iterative exponential growth (SuFEx IEG) creates uniform polymers and block copolymers. This click chemistry approach precisely controls polymer sequence and structure, enabling new material applications.

Keywords:

Cyclic polymer Sequence‐defined polymer SuFEx IEG Uniform polymer

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Published on: June 28, 2011

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Organic Synthesis
Click Chemistry

Background:

The S(VI)-fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction is a versatile click chemistry tool.
Developing methods for synthesizing uniform polymers with controlled sequences is crucial for advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the SuFEx iterative exponential growth (SuFEx IEG) method for synthesizing uniform polymers and block copolymers.
To demonstrate the capability of SuFEx IEG for sequence-defined polymer synthesis and information encoding.

Main Methods:

Utilized the SuFEx reaction's reactivity, modularity, and orthogonality.
Employed on-demand, orthogonal activation of SuFEx-inactive groups into SuFEx-active species.
Synthesized uniform polysulfates, block copolymers, and triblock copolymers up to 21 kDa.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized uniform linear and cyclic polymers, and block copolymers without molecular weight distribution.
Demonstrated the encoding of 16-bit information into sequence-defined polysulfates.
Achieved precise construction of polymers and block copolymers across a broad molecular weight range.

Conclusions:

SuFEx IEG is a robust and versatile method for precise polymer synthesis.
The method enables the creation of uniform linear, cyclic, and sequence-defined polymers.
SuFEx IEG facilitates the development of advanced polymer architectures for diverse applications.