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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments
Published on: January 23, 2018
Silent Partners in the Mill: Unveiling the Role of Additives in Mechanochemical Synthesis
Johanna Breinsperger1, Nika Podlesnik1, Francesco Mele2
1Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU, Vienna, Wien, Austria.
Abstract:
Mechanochemistry has attracted significant attention as a sustainable and efficient alternative to solution-based synthesis, offering the advantage of solvent-free conditions or the use of only minor amounts of solvent. Many established mechanochemical transformations rely on the use of additives-a strategy broadly referred to as additive-assisted grinding. The most employed additives are liquids (liquid-assisted grinding (LAG)), ionic solids, and non-ionic additives. Additionally, ionic liquids (ionic liquid-assisted grinding (IL-AG)), piezoelectric, or mechanoluminescent materials can be used. This review provides an overview of additive-assisted organic synthetic transformations under mechanochemical conditions, highlighting the roles, advantages, and limitations of additives, as well as emerging trends from recent literature.
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