Combating posterior capsular opacification: From conventional intraocular lens modifications to proactive defense via
Xueshan Zhao1, Panpan Deng1, Jingyu Zou2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Nansanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
Materials Today. Bio
|January 6, 2026
Summary
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) remains a challenge after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Advanced interface engineering strategies offer proactive solutions to regulate lens epithelial cell activity and improve IOL safety.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Biomaterials Science
- Materials Engineering
Background:
- Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most frequent complication following intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.
- Current IOL strategies, including material optimization, mechanical design, and surface modifications, can mitigate but not fully prevent PCO.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathological mechanisms of PCO.
- To analyze the limitations of conventional IOLs.
- To explore advanced interface engineering strategies for next-generation IOLs.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing literature on PCO.
- Analysis of traditional and advanced IOL strategies.
- Discussion of proactive interface engineering approaches like drug-delivering, biofunctionalized, and stimuli-responsive IOLs.
Main Results:
- Conventional IOLs have limitations in passive defense against PCO.
- Proactive interface engineering strategies precisely regulate lens epithelial cell (LEC) activity and microenvironment remodeling.
- Surface functionalization is key to developing advanced IOLs.
Conclusions:
- Next-generation IOLs require proactive interface engineering for improved PCO prevention.
- Integration of smart materials and robust assessment frameworks is crucial for clinical translation.
- Bridging laboratory innovation with clinical safety is essential for future IOL development.
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